Ivermectin EP2000

Ivermectin EP2000 - Names and Identifiers

Name	ivermectin
Synonyms	IVOMEC mk-0933 IVERMECTIN ivermectin IVERMECTIN HCL IvermectineEp2000 Ivermectin EP2000 Ivermectin Injection 22,23-dihydroavermectin 22,23-DIHYDROAVERMECTIN B1 IVERMECTIN EP(CRM STANDARD) IVERMECTIN USP(CRM STANDARD)
CAS	70288-86-7
EINECS	274-536-0
InChI	InChI=1/C48H74O14.C47H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38;1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18-34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53-10)43(30(8)56-38)59-37-20-35(52-9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3;11-14,18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15-17,19-23H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+;12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25?,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34?,35-,36-,37-,38?,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+;25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33?,34-,35-,36-,37?,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m00/s1
InChIKey	AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N

Ivermectin EP2000 - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C48H74O14
Molar Mass	875.09
Specific Rotation(α)	D +71.5 ± 3° (c = 0.755 in chloroform)
Water Solubility	4mg/L(temperature not stated)
Solubility	The solubility in water is about 4 μg/ml. Easily soluble in methyl ethyl ketone, propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, insoluble in saturated hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane.
Appearance	White to off-white solid
Color	White
Storage Condition	2-8°C
Stability	Stable for 2 years as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or ethanol may be stored at -20° for up to 3 months.
Sensitive	Keep away from heat, open flames and sparks
MDL	MFCD00869511
Physical and Chemical Properties	melting point 154.5~157℃, soluble in acetone, very slightly soluble in hot water and n-octanol, insoluble in cold water and methanol.
Use	Anti-parasitic drugs, with insecticidal activity against nematodes, hookworms, roundworms, worms, insects and mites

Ivermectin EP2000 - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R25 - Toxic if swallowed R36 - Irritating to the eyes R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R22 - Harmful if swallowed R28 - Very Toxic if swallowed
Safety Description	S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds.
UN IDs	UN 2811 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	IH7891500
HS Code	29322090
Hazard Class	6.1(a)
Packing Group	II
Toxicity	LD50 in dogs, rhesus monkeys (mg/kg): about 80, more than 24 orally. (MSDS Merck & Co. Inc., 2003)

Ivermectin EP2000 - Reference

Reference

1. Xiao-Fei Shang, Li-Xia Dai, Chen-Jie Yang, Xiao Guo, Ying-Qian Liu, Xiao-Lou Miao, Ji-Yu Zhang,A value-added application of eugenol as acaricidal agent: The mechanism of action and the safety evaluation,Journal of Advanced Research,2020,,ISSN 2090-123
2. Xiao-Fei Shang, Li-Xia Dai, Ying-Qian Liu, Zhong-Min Zhao, Jun-Cai Li, Guan-Zhou Yang, Cheng-Jie Yang,Acaricidal activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of active compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes cuniculi,Veterinary Parasitology,Volume 267,
3. Shang, Xiao-Fei, et al. "Application of sustainable natural resources in agriculture: Acaricidal and enzyme inhibitory activities of naphthoquinones and their analogs against Psoroptes cuniculi." Scientific reports 8.1 (2018): 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1038/s
4. [IF=2.738] Xiao-Fei Shang et al."Acaricidal activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of active compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes cuniculi."Vet Parasitol. 2019 Mar;267:54
5. [IF=10.479] Xiao-Fei Shang et al."A value-added application of eugenol as acaricidal agent: The mechanism of action and the safety evaluation."J Adv Res. 2020 Dec;:
6. [IF=7.658] Xuan Zhang et al."Inhibition of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl− channels by avermectins is essential for their anticancer effects."Pharmacol Res. 2020 Jun;156:104763

Ivermectin EP2000 - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

The product is white or yellowish crystalline powder, soluble in methanol, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons, insoluble in water. The solubility in water is about 4ug/mL. Very soluble in methyl ethyl ketone, propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, insoluble in saturated carbon hydride, such as cyclohexane.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

Ivermectin EP2000 - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

obtained by hydrogenation of the corresponding unsaturated compounds in benzene, under catalysis and at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:09:51

Ivermectin EP2000 - Use

Open Data Verified Data

developed by Merk Sharp & Dohme, Inc., USA, launched in 1987. The product is avermectin derivatives, oral semi-synthetic broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs. It has an effect on most nematodes (but not all nematodes) in various life cycles; It is effective against filariae microfilariae of filariasis rotunda, but ineffective against adults, insects and mites have Anthelmintic activity.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:09:52

Ivermectin EP2000 - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

oral LDso in dogs and rhesus monkeys: about 80mg/kg, greater than 24mg/kg.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:09:52

Ivermectin EP2000 - Reference Information

EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
antiparasitic drug	ivermectin is a new type of highly effective semi-synthetic antibiotic insecticide, acaricide and nematicide, insect nerve agent, biological osmotic agent. The mechanism of action is to interfere with the neural physiological activities of pests, stimulate the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid, act on the nerve and muscle joints, increase the release of chloride ions, inhibit the information transmission of nerve joints, leading to paralysis of pests and mites and poisoning death. The product is a colorless or light brown yellow liquid. ivermectin is a new broad-spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity antibiotic antiparasitic drug, which has a good killing effect on parasites in vivo and in vitro, especially nematodes and arthropods. But it is not effective for tapeworms, trematodes and protozoa. The repellent effect of macrolide antiparasitic drugs on nematodes and arthropods is to increase the release of the inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and to open the Cl ion channel controlled by glutamate, enhance the permeability of the nerve membrane to Cl, thereby blocking the transmission of nerve signals, and ultimately nerve paralysis, so that muscle cells lose the ability to contract, resulting in the death of the worm. ivermectin is widely used in cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, gastrointestinal nematodes, pulmonary nematodes and parasitic arthropods, intestinal nematodes in dogs, ear mites, scabies, heartworm and microfilariae, as well as gastrointestinal nematodes and ectoparasites in poultry.
Discovery History	ivermectin is a derivative of avermectin. The discoverer of avermectin, William C. Campbell and macadamia, received the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his outstanding achievements in combating river blindness and elephantiasis, the derivative ivermectin. In 1973, a new type of Streptomyces was discovered in soil by Japanese microbiologist Satoshi not mura. The Streptomyces was successfully isolated and cultured in the laboratory. Satoshi not mura found that these Streptomyces can produce anti parasitic substances, with the assistance of Merck drug screening laboratory, researchers in 1975 completed the purification of the active ingredient identification, named Avermectins (Avermectins). when avermectin was discovered, it was considered to be a completely new class of antiparasitic drugs that have been shown to kill a variety of pathogens in vivo or in vitro. Abamectin was first reported in a paper in 1979. It was identified that abamectin was an 18-membered macrocyclic lipid substance, and the method of obtaining the product by fermentation with S. avermectinius was introduced. The avermectin family shows extraordinary worm-repelling potential, and the chemically modified structural analog, ivermectin, is a safer and more effective product consisting of a mixture of two chemically modified avermectin analogs, 22,23-dihydroavermectin-b1a and 80% 22,23-dihydroavermectin-b1b, In 20%, ivermectin was approved for marketing in the fields of animal husbandry, agriculture, aquaculture, etc. A few years later, ivermectin proved to have potential for use in human health, and registration was completed in 1987, and patients were soon offered free access, at that time, human society was committed to the control of Onchocerciasis (also known as river blindness), which is prevalent in poor tropical regions.
ivermectin poisoning	ivermectin, also known as vermectin, is a good drug for the treatment of acariasis. But the overdose often occurs after poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning Vomit accelerated breathing limbs weakness paralysis heart failure death rescue: simple oral mung bean licorice detoxification drink and drip 10% glucose can be injected with dexamethasone if necessary
effect of ivermectin	white or yellowish crystalline powder, soluble in methanol, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons, insoluble in water. Ivermectin English name: Ivermectin, for antibiotics drugs, nematodes, insects and mites are repellent activity, with Ivermectin made of injection, tablets are mainly used for the treatment of livestock gastrointestinal nematode disease, skin fly, striae skin fly maggots, sheep nose fly maggots and swine, sheep scabies disease. In addition, ivermectin can also be used to treat parasitic nematodes (such as roundworm, lung nematode, etc.) in poultry. It can also be made into agricultural insecticides and acaricides, which can be used to kill mites, diamondback moth, rape worm, leaf flies, wood lice, nematodes and the like, which are widely parasitic on plants. The outstanding characteristics of the drug are: Light side effects, a drug at the same time to kill a variety of parasites in vivo and in vitro.
plant pesticide ivermectin	ivermectin is used to crush and dissolve a variety of plants and Chinese herbal medicines, such as cynanchus officinalis, add additives and penetrants to prepare the processed botanical pesticides. The mechanism of action is mainly Contact killing effect, stomach toxicity as a supplement, which can promote the growth of plants. Can be used to control all kinds of aphid and leaf-eating pests, water diluted 1000~2000 times spray, control effect in more than 98%. The drug belongs to a new generation of plant insecticides with low toxicity, low residue and no harm to humans, animals and the environment. Its insecticidal mechanism is the inhibition of chitin synthesis in insect epidermis. Sulfonylurea is mainly a gastric toxin, but it can also invade the epidermis of insects. The prevention and control of leaf-feeding pests has a special mechanism, good control effect, long residual period, low control cost, resistance to rain, insect pests are not easy to produce resistance to plants, humans and animals, natural enemies and environmental safety and other advantages.
description of ivermectin	[pharmacological action] has a killing effect on microfilariae, but the exact mechanism is unknown. This product may be used as an agonist of the neurotransmitter gamma-tyrosine (GABA), which destroys the GABA-mediated synaptic transmission process in the central nervous system, resulting in paralysis and death of the nervous system of the worm. This product has no effect on adults, but it can affect the normal development of microfilariae in the uterus of female, and inhibit its release from the pregnant uterus, the effect of ivermectin on microfilariae is slower and longer than that of diethylamine. It can rapidly reduce the number of microfilariae in the skin of the patient, but it has a slow effect on the microfilariae in the cornea and anterior chamber of the eye, and the decrease of the number of microfilariae in this part is quite slow. [Pharmacokinetics] after oral administration, the plasma concentration reached a peak at 4 hours, and T1/2 was 10 hours. Animal experiments showed that only l ~ 2% of the oral dose appeared in the urine, and the rest was excreted from the feces. The drug concentration in liver and adipose tissue is very high and cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The drug concentration in mammalian nerve cells containing GABA is very low, so the central nervous system reaction is rare after taking the drug. [Indications] for the treatment of onchocerciasis of the main drugs. [Dosage] Oral. Take it 1 hour before meals. The treatment of onchocerciasis commonly used: a body weight of 0.15- 0.2mg/kg, 1 times every 6 to 12 months, depending on the symptoms and micro-filariae recurrence time. Can prevent the further development of eye lesions (mostly caused by microfilariae), but because this product can not kill adults, it can not cure. [Preparation and specification] ivermectin tablets 6mg [adverse reaction] uninfected people and other mammals to this product is well tolerated. Animals given a large dose of drowsiness, movement disorders, pupil dilation, tremor and other reactions, the dose can cause death. The side effects of onchocerciasis patients were short and mild, mostly limited to rash or pruritus (caused by death of microfilariae), lymph node lesions (swelling and pain, found in the neck, armpits, groin and other parts). Rare dizziness, orthostatic hypotension (dizziness), Fever, Head Pain, joint pain, Fatigue. No worsening of ocular lesions. Occasional ECG change, with unknown significance. No carcinogenic, teratogenic effect. The side effects of onchocerciasis patients were short and mild, mostly limited to rash or pruritus (caused by the death of intradermal microfilariae), lymph node lesions (swelling and pain, Found in the neck, armpits, groin and other parts). Rare dizziness, orthostatic hypotension (syncope), Head Pain, joint pain, Fatigue. No worsening of ocular lesions. Occasional ECG change, with unknown significance. No carcinogenic, teratogenic effect.
Use	is effective for the treatment and control of filariasis with less adverse effects than that of diethylamine. anti-parasitic drugs, with insecticidal activity against nematodes, hookworms, roundworms, worms, insects and mites
production method	by the corresponding compound (I) in benzene, catalyzed by Tris (triphenylphosphine) Rhodium chloride, obtained by hydrogenation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.